![]() It assumed a fundamental role of showing the work of man and his dominion over nature, the image of the creative activity of God who, at the beginning of Genesis, created the natural reality and the garden of Eden. The landscape remained a background, but it was rich in detail and consistent in dimensions. In the International Gothic, this trend spread in Europe. This poem was so famous that it influenced Italian and Western art, bringing back the reality of nature to the eyes of the painters, who began to represent it more realistically. This poem was an ode to God, in which the Saint praised him for all that he has created, like natural elements, animals, plants, fruits of the earth. Francis and his poem Il Cantico delle Creature (1224). In the West, during the 14th century, in Tuscany the representation of landscape began to become realistic again, influenced by the figure of St. Between the 10th and 11th centuries, in Chinese painting, the theme of the landscape developed into a real genre: mountains, valleys, rivers were painted frequently, on different materials and with different formats, from decorative rolls to actual painting, as we can see in Clearing Autumn Skies over Mountains and Valleys (1072) by Guo Xi. The evolution of the landscape in the East took another path. Nature was considered only from a symbolic point of view landscapes were abstract, flat and lacking in perspective space, as can be seen in the mosaics of Sant'Apollinare in Classe (mid-6th century), in Ravenna. In Eastern and Byzantine art the natural elements were almost eliminated, replaced by the gold leaf as the backdrop of the scenes, and in Western art, landscapes became an unrealistic background. In early Christian art, until the Middle Ages, there were no examples of autonomous landscapes. The Romans painted landscapes to decorate the walls of the domus (the type of houses occupied by the upper class) with vivid colors and scenes full of realistic details, as in the frescoes of Villa of Livia (before 79 AD), situated in Pompei, which represents a thriving garden. In Roman art, this genre began to acquire autonomous character. 1420 BC), or the frescoes of Akrotiri, (c. In Egyptian and then in Greek art there were examples of landscape or elements taken from it, like in the Nilotic landscape on Papyrus found in Tomb of Menna (c. Over the centuries, artists have used diverse techniques to represent landscape to meet the most varied communicative needs. Artists have painted nature since ancient times, but in Western art, this subject was considered a minor one until the Dutch Golden Age. Landscape as a genre is the depiction of a natural scene not subordinated to the description of a story. The Lake, Petworth Sunset, Fighting Bucks, 1829 - J.M.W.
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